Rendimiento neurocognitivo en niños de 6 a 16 años con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad sin medicación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v89i2.7217Palabras clave:
trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, impulsividad, neurocognición, niñosResumen
Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil neurocognitivo de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) e identificar posibles diferencias de rendimiento según el sexo. Métodos: Se incluyeron 344 niños de entre 6 y 16 años (160 niñas y 184 niños) diagnosticados con TDAH y examinados con la batería de la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil versión 2 (ENI-2). Resultados: En el dominio de codificación de la información y memoria, se observó bajo desempeño en memoria auditivo-verbal y visual, tanto en la codificación como en la evocación diferida, así como en la copia de figura compleja; las niñas superaron a los niños en tareas verbales y en la copia de figura simple. En lenguaje y procesamiento fonológico, se registró bajo rendimiento en precisión de escritura de sílabas y pseudopalabras, habilidades perceptuales fonémicas, comprensión de lectura silenciosa, precisión de lectura de palabras y habilidades metalingüísticas, con ventaja femenina en escritura de palabras y en habilidades fonémicas. En comprensión y producción oral, se evidenció menor rendimiento en velocidad de lectura silenciosa y en comprensión espacial derecha/izquierda, y mejor ejecución en precisión de escritura de oraciones y en lectura en voz alta; las niñas destacaron en la escritura de oraciones. En fluidez verbal y acceso léxico, el desempeño fue bajo en cancelación y en fluidez fonémica y semántica, con mejor rendimiento femenino en esta última. Conclusión: Los niños con TDAH mostraron patrones consistentes de bajo rendimiento cognitivo y diferencias por sexo. El conocimiento de estas particularidades podría orientar intervenciones más individualizadas y efectivas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Alberto Fernandez-Arana, Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier, Raysa T. Silva-Trujillo, Pilar Fernández-Arana, Adriel Olórtegui-Yzú
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
