Prevalencia y variables asociadas al abuso de alcohol en conductores de transporte público en Lima, Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v88i4.6035Palabras clave:
trastornos por consumo de alcohol, alcoholismo, transporte público, PerúResumen
Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales y de salud mental con los trastornos por consumo de alcohol (TCA) en conductores de transporte público en Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de una encuesta transversal con datos de 278 conductores de autobús (CA) y 227 conductores de mototaxi (CMT) de 25 empresas de transporte seleccionadas mediante muestreo en bola de nieve. Los TCA se evaluaron con el cuestionario CAGE (puntos de corte: ≥1 para TCA-1 y ≥2 para TCA-2). También se recopilaron variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales y de salud mental, incluyendo depresión, ansiedad y agotamiento. Se analizaron la prevalencia y los factores asociados mediante modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: Las prevalencias de TCA-1 y TCA-2 fueron 74,4 % y 58,4 %, respectivamente. Se encontró variación significativa entre empresas de CA (p = 0,001), pero no entre CA y CMT. Para TCA-1, los factores asociados fueron ser hombre (OR = 7,8; IC 95 %: 1,8-34,1), ser CA (OR = 0,27; IC 95 %: 0,13-0,56) y estar divorciado (OR = 9,5; IC 95 %: 1,14-79,03). Para TCA-2, ser hombre (OR = 5,49; IC 95 %: 1,50-20,07), ser CA (OR = 0,52; IC 95 %: 0,30-0,92) y la subescala de despersonalización (OR = 1,05; IC 95 %: 1,005-1,10) fueron significativos. Conclusiones: Los TCA son frecuentes entre conductores de transporte público en Lima. Ser hombre y conductor de mototaxi aumenta el riesgo, mientras que la despersonalización se asocia con la severidad del consumo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Paulo Ruiz-Grosso, Jorge Enrique Osada Liy
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