Association between tuberculosis and cocaine on negative outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review and metaanalysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v87i4.5818Palavras-chave:
cocaine, tuberculosis, loss to follow-upResumo
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health burden, with substance abuse being a common comorbidity. Cocaine-derived drugs, particularly crack and cocaine hydrochloride, have been associated with poor TB treatment outcomes. Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between crack or cocaine hydrochloride use and TB treatment outcomes. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Ovid, EBSCOhost, Lilacs, and Google Scholar) using structured search terms. Eligible studies were included in a meta-analysis performed using STATA 16. Results: Five studies were included in the analysis. Overall, crack or cocaine use was associated with a higher risk of loss to follow-up or non-completion of TB treatment (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.33-5.61). In the subgroup of individuals with active TB, this association was particularly strong for loss to follow-up (OR = 7.029; 95% CI: 2.66-18.57). However, no significant association was observed between crack or cocaine use and treatment non-completion in the latent TB subgroup (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.77-2.05). Conclusions: Consumption of crack or cocaine is associated with adverse TB treatment outcomes, particularly loss to follow-up among individuals with active TB. These findings highlight the importance of addressing substance abuse as part of comprehensive TB control strategies.
Downloads
Referências
Houben RM, Dodd PJ. The global burden of latent tuberculosis infection: a re-estimation using mathematical modelling. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2016; 13(10): e1002152. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002152
World Health Organization [WHO]. Global tuberculosis report 2021 [Internet]. 2021, October 14th. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240037021
Deiss RG, Rodwell TC, Garfein RS. Tuberculosis and illicit drug use: review and update. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2009; 48(1): 72-82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1086/594126
Furin J, Cox H, Pai M. Tuberculosis. Lancet [Internet]. 2019; 393(10181): 1642–56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30308-3
Oeltmann JE, Kammerer JS, Pevzner ES, Moonan PK. Tuberculosis and substance abuse in the United States, 1997-2006. Arch Intern Med [Internet]. 2009; 169(2): 189-197. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.535
World Health Organization. Implementing the end TB strategy: the essentials 2022 update [Internet]. 2022, December 16th. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240065093
Uplekar M, Raviglione M. WHO’s End TB Strategy: From stopping to ending the global TB epidemic. Indian J Tuberc [Internet]. 2015; 62(4): 196-199. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2015.11.001
Culqui DR, Munayco CV, Grijalva CG, Cayla JA, Horna-Campos O, Alva K, et al. Factores asociados al abandono de tratamiento antituberculoso convencional en Perú. Arch Bronconeumol [Internet]. 2012; 48(5): 150-155. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2011.12.008
da Silva EF, Motta-Castro AR, de Castro VD, Stábile AC, Paniago AM, Trajman A, et al. Tuberculosis infection among cocaine crack users in Brazil. Int J Drug Policy [Internet]. 2018; 59: 24-27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.06.012
Story A, Bothamley G, Hayward A. Crack cocaine and infectious tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2008; 14(9): 1466-69. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1409.070654
Ríos M, Suárez C, Muñoz D, Gómez M. Factores asociados a recaídas por tuberculosis en Lima Este-Perú. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2002; 19(1): 35-38. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36319107
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2020. Drug use and health consequences [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_Booklet_2.pdf
Silva MR, Pereira JC, Costa RR, Dias JA, Guimarães MD, Leite IC. Drug addiction and alcoholism as predictors for tuberculosis treatment default in Brazil: a prospective cohort study. Epidemiol Infect [Internet]. 2017; 145(16): 3516-3524. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817002631
Eufrásio R, Alcobia MC, Cordeiro CR, Silva HC. Loss to follow-up: Understand its determinants among tuberculosis patients, in Coimbra District (2005-2017). Indian J Tuberc [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.02.003
World Health Organization. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis-2013 revision: updated December 2014 and January 2020 [Internet]. 2013; April 9th. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241505345
Malotte CK, Hollingshead JR, Larro M. Incentives vs outreach workers for latent tuberculosis treatment in drug users. Am J Prev Med [Internet]. 2001; 20(2): 103-107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00283-x
Tulsky JP, Hahn JA, Long HL, Chambers DB, Robertson MJ, Chesney MA, et al. Can the poor adhere? Incentives for adherence to TB prevention in homeless adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis [Internet]. 2004; 8(1): 83-91. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14974750/
Pablos-Méndez A, Knirsch CA, Barr RG, Lerner BH, Frieden TR. Nonadherence in tuberculosis treatment: Predictors and consequences in New York City. Am J Med [Internet]. 1997; 102(2): 164-170. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00402-0
Hatsukami DK, Fischman MW. Crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride: Are the differences myth or reality? JAMA [Internet]. 1996; 276(19): 1580-1588. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8918856/
World Health Organization. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action [Internet]. 2003. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/42682
Karumbi J, Garner P. Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2015; 2015(5). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003343.pub4
Zhang H, Ehiri J, Yang H, Tang S, Li Y. Impact of community-based DOT on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016; 11(2): e0147744. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147744
Balasubramanian VN, Oommen K, Samuel R. DOT or not? Direct observation of anti-tuberculosis treatment and patient outcomes, Kerala State, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis [Internet]. 2000; 4(5): 409-413. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10815733/
Richterman A, Steer-Massaro J, Jarolimova J, Luong LB, Werdenberg J, Ivers LC. Cash interventions to improve clinical outcomes for pulmonary tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2018; 96(7): 471-483. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.18.208959
Shamaei M, Marjani M, Baghaei P, Chitsaz E, Rezaei E, Abrishami Z, et al. Drug abuse profile - Patient delay, diagnosis delay and drug resistance pattern - among addict patients with tuberculosis. Int J STD AIDS [Internet]. 2009; 20(5): 320-323. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008299
Gomes A, Nues D, Figueiroa M. Main mental disorders in crack-cocaine users treated at Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs in the city of Recife, Brazil. Trends Psychiatry Psychother [Internet]. 2016; 38(4): 227-233. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0002
Garrido M, Penna ML, Perez-Porcuna TM, de Souza AB, Marreiro L, Albuquerque BC, et al. Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment default in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon: a case control-study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2012; 7(6): e39134. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039134
Jenkins HE, Ciobanu A, Plesca V, Crudu V, Galusca I, Soltan V et al. Risk factors and timing of default from treatment for non-multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Moldova. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis [Internet]. 2013; 17(3): 373-380. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0464
Adamashvili N, Akopyan K, Tukvadze N, Dumchev K, Sereda Y, Khonelidze I, et al. Factors associated with loss to follow-up among people with tuberculosis in the country of Georgia: a cohort study. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis [Internet]. 2021; 91(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1705
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Gulpe T, Ciobanu A, Iavorschi C, Gozalov O. Risk factors associated with loss to follow-up among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in the Republic of Moldova in 2014–2016. Public Health Panorama [Internet]. 2019; 5(4): 493-502. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/330196
Bello SI, Itiola OA. Drug adherence amongst tuberculosis patients in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol [Internet]. 2010; 4(3): 109-114. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-abstract/135DA2427696
Pelissari DM, Diaz-Quijano FA. Impact of alcohol disorder and the use of illicit drugs on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A retrospective cohort study. Arch Public Health [Internet]. 2018; 76: 45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-018-0287-z
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Paulo Ruiz-Grosso
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
A RNP é distribuída ao abrigo de uma