Manifestaciones cognitivas y neuropsiquiátricas de COVID-19 en el Adulto Mayor con y sin demencia: Revisión de la literatura.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v85i2.4229Palabras clave:
Adultos Mayores, cognición, COVID-19, demencia, enfermedad de Alzheimer, envejecimientoResumen
Durante la pandemia del síndrome agudo respiratorio severo por COVID-19, la demencia se ha identificado como desproporcionadamente común en los adultos mayores de 65 años que desarrollaron un cuadro viral grave. El Consorcio Internacional de infecciones respiratorias agudas graves y emergentes confirma una alta prevalencia de hospitalizaciones en adultos mayores con demencia. Esta sub-población presenta, en su mayoría, una variedad de comorbilidades, en particular, la fragilidad que puede exacerbar aún más el riesgo de infección muy severa. Además, hasta un tercio de los pacientes con COVID-19 pueden presentar secuelas cerebrales o neurológicas, efectos directos (infección viral de las neuronas, efectos vasculares) e indirectos (respuesta inmunológica del huésped, impacto del tratamiento). Esta revisión plantea la posibilidad de que la infección pueda acentuar cualquier enfermedad neurodegenerativa preexistente. Por otro lado, varios estudios han descrito que una proporción de pacientes presenta despues del alta hospitalaria, deterioro cognitivo, ánimo deprimido, ansiedad, insomnio y manifestaciones de trastorno por estrés postraumático. Enfermedades crónicas como la demencia está asociada con tasas más altas de hospitalización y mortalidad, y exacerba aún más la vulnerabilidad de los adultos mayores y el colapso en sus cuidadores.
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