Las estancias hospitalarias prolongadas en servicios de medicina interna: Definición, factores de riesgo y estrategias para su abordaje
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v37i2.6885Palabras clave:
tiempo de internación, administración sanitaria, gestión en salud, factores de riesgo, medicina interna, atención médicaResumen
Las estancias prolongadas hospitalarias (EHP) son un problema importante de salud pública y en los servicios de medicina interna por la complejidad de sus pacientes. La definición de EHP en servicios de medicina interna o general es variable en la literatura con un rango entre 21 días, 30 días, 90 días, percentil 95 y superior al percentil 99. Los factores asociados a las EHP son diversos y varían según el país de origen de la literatura. Pueden ser factores dependientes del paciente como enfermedades complejas o deterioro funcional, o independientes del paciente como retrasos en programación de procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos. Estos últimos son de interés para la gestión hospitalaria. Existen estrategias de intervención para mejorar el tiempo de las estancias hospitalarias como intervenciones clínicas, innovaciones organizativas y herramientas tecnológica. La aplicación de estos dependerá de los datos locales y principales factores asociados a la EHP en el contexto local.
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