El dolor neuropático y la salud cerebral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v89i2.6414Palavras-chave:
dolor neuropático, dolor crónico, salud cerebral, calidad de vidaResumo
El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar el aumento de la prevalencia del dolor neuropático a nivel mundial y su impacto en la salud cerebral, teniendo en cuenta sus características particulares. Asimismo, se establecen estrategias de manejo integral basadas en la evidencia actual. Se presenta una revisión actualizada sobre el dolor neuropático como manifestación de diversas condiciones neurológicas, sus comorbilidades más frecuentes y su influencia en la calidad de vida. Se enfatiza un enfoque de manejo integral considerando el modelo biopsicosocial. Se encontró que la prevalencia del dolor neuropático oscila entre el 7 % y el 10 %. El aumento de la esperanza de vida y de las enfermedades crónicas discapacitantes asociadas al dolor neuropático provocan un crecimiento de la demanda médica, que es mal cubierta con los tratamientos actuales. La intensidad del dolor y la presencia de comorbilidades como trastornos del ánimo y del sueño afectan significativamente la calidad de vida a nivel personal, familiar, social y laboral. Además, incrementan los costes médicos directos e indirectos y se asocian con una mayor mortalidad debido a cambios en los patrones de salud. Se concluye que el dolor crónico, en especial el neuropático, está influenciado por factores biológicos, psicoemocionales y socioculturales, y provoca un deterioro de la salud cerebral. Por ello, los modelos de atención sanitaria deben adoptar un enfoque integrador que contemple estos aspectos para mejorar su abordaje y tratamiento.
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