Tratamiento de las fobias y trastornos mentales con la ayuda de la hipnosis y la meditación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v89i2.6432Palabras clave:
trastornos emocionales, terapia sugestiva, miedo, estados obsesivos, relajaciónResumen
Esta revisión explora el potencial terapéutico de la hipnosis y la meditación en el tratamiento de las fobias y los trastornos mentales, especialmente como complementos no farmacológicos en la práctica psicoterapéutica. La creciente incidencia de trastornos de salud mental a nivel mundial, junto con el interés creciente por enfoques terapéuticos integradores, subraya la relevancia de esta investigación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica revisada por pares, publicada entre 2018 y 2023, mediante bases de datos internacionales (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate). Se aplicaron métodos bibliográficos, hermenéuticos y bibliosemánticos para sintetizar los hallazgos sobre aplicaciones clínicas, mecanismos de acción y resultados terapéuticos asociados con la hipnosis y la meditación. La literatura indica que la hipnosis puede alterar el procesamiento cognitivo y perceptivo, contribuyendo a la reducción del estrés, el dolor y los síntomas de ansiedad. Estudios de neuroimagen sugieren cambios en regiones cerebrales implicadas en la atención, la regulación emocional y la percepción del dolor. La meditación de atención plena se asocia con mejoras en la resiliencia psicológica y la regulación emocional, así como con cambios estructurales en el cerebro relacionados con funciones cognitivas y afectivas. Ambas prácticas muestran un potencial prometedor como herramientas complementarias dentro de marcos de terapia cognitivo-conductual, particularmente en casos de fobias, trastorno por estrés postraumático y ansiedad generalizada. Aunque aún no están estandarizadas en la atención psiquiátrica, la hipnosis y la meditación ofrecen beneficios terapéuticos prometedores como intervenciones complementarias. Su integración en protocolos basados en evidencia requiere validación adicional mediante ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estandarización de directrices de práctica y evaluación interdisciplinaria de resultados a largo plazo en poblaciones diversas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Liana Spytska
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
