Factores asociados a la autopercepción de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en docentes escolares durante la pandemia de COVID-19: análisis de una encuesta nacional peruana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v89i2.6380Palabras clave:
estrés psicológico, ansiedad, depresión, maestros, COVID-19Resumen
Objetivo: Explorar los factores asociados con estrés, ansiedad y depresión autopercibido en docentes escolares peruanos durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Docentes (ENDO) de 2021. Se incluyeron docentes de educación pública de los niveles preescolar, primaria y secundaria de Perú. La asociación se evaluó mediante razones de prevalencia con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %, utilizando regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: La muestra analizada incluyó a 9765 docentes. El principal problema de salud mental autopercibido fue estrés (55,8 %), seguido de ansiedad (28,4 %) y depresión (19,1 %). El estrés se asoció con el sexo femenino (RPa: 1,06; IC 95 %: 1,04-1,09) y con ser responsable de una persona vulnerable (RPa: 1,02; IC 95 %: 1,01-1,05). La ansiedad se asoció con residir en zonas urbanas (RPa: 1,03; IC 95 %: 1,01-1,05) y tener tres o más comorbilidades (RPa: 1,33; IC 95 %: 1,29-1,38). La depresión se asoció con el sexo femenino (RPa: 1,04; IC 95 %: 1,02-1,06) y con ser responsable de una persona vulnerable (RPa: 1,05; IC 95 %: 1,03-1,07). Conclusiones: El estrés fue el principal problema de salud mental autopercibido. Se identificaron varios factores asociados al estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Se recomienda establecer estrategias de intervención centradas en la salud mental de los docentes.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Gustavo Tapia Sequeiros, Luz Angela Roman , Giuliana Valverde-Catacora , Victor Roman-Lazarte
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
