Prevalencia de los principales trastornos mentales durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v85i1.4157Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Infecciones por coronavirus, ansiedad, depresión, estrés psicológico, trastornos por estrés postraumáticoResumen
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los principales trastornos mentales en los trabajadores de la salud y población general, en el contexto de la pandemia por coronavirus 19 (COVID-19). Material y Métodos: El presente artículo sigue las normas de la guía PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed / MEDLINE desde marzo 2020 hasta el 24 de marzo de 2021, con evaluación de las estrategias de búsqueda basada en el programa del Manual Cochrane. Se utilizó asimismo el programa Mendeley para calificar las referencias bibliográficas y eliminar artículos duplicados. Resultados: Se incluyeron
22 estudios en el análisis, con un total de 24 593 participantes. En la población general, la ansiedad tuvo una prevalencia de 36,4%; depresión, 26,6%; estrés, 44,2% y trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT), 5,9%. Las mujeres presentaron con mayor frecuencia, síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, en tanto que los hombres manifestaron en mayoría, síntomas de estrés. Entre los profesionales de la salud, estrés y alteraciones del sueño fueron los problemas dominantes, ambos con una prevalencia de 43%. Conclusión: La salud mental de los profesionales y trabajadores de salud laborando en primera línea, así como la de la población general se ha visto seriamente comprometida en tiempos de la pandemia COVID-19, con ansiedad, depresión, estrés, insomnio y TEPT como los cuadros más prevalentes.
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