Jetlag social y sobrepeso en jóvenes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v37i1.6202Palabras clave:
sindrome jetlag, cronotipo, sobrepeso, adolescenteResumen
El sueño es una función vital para el ser humano; por tanto, un sueño adecuado es fundamental para el desarrollo saludable de las personas. Se concibe como un estado neuroconductual que ocupa entre el 20 y el 40 % del día, influenciado por factores biológicos, conductuales, ambientales y personales/sociales. La calidad del sueño incluye aspectos como la satisfacción, duración, regularidad y la capacidad de mantenerse alerta; sin embargo, factores como la edad, cronotipo, luz, ruido, estado de ánimo y ciertos hábitos de vida pueden afectar negativamente el sueño. Los ritmos circadianos, regulados por un reloj central en el hipotálamo, sincronizan las funciones corporales con el ciclo de luz y oscuridad. La discrepancia entre el reloj biológico y los horarios sociales (jet lag social) por trabajo o estudio provoca falta de sueño y “cronodisrupción”. En los jóvenes, esto se asocia con una mala calidad del sueño, hábitos alimenticios irregulares y un mayor riesgo de obesidad y trastornos del estado de ánimo. Por ello, es importante promover hábitos de sueño regulares para mitigar estos efectos negativos y mejorar la salud general de los jóvenes.
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