Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding in primiparous mothers: technical gaps and risk of early weaning

Abstract

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers, incorporating the exploration of myths, beliefs, cultural perceptions, and sociocultural barriers influencing the breastfeeding experience. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The study included 534 primiparous mothers over 18, treated in growth and development and pediatric services at an urban health center in the district of Santa Anita, Lima. Data collection instruments developed by the researchers were administered, demonstrating strong statistical validity and high reliability. Results: Acceptable levels of knowledge regarding breastfeeding exceeded 95%, and favorable attitudes reached 83%; however, appropriate practices were reported at 88%. Regarding knowledge gaps, 30.9% of participants were unaware that nighttime breastfeeding stimulates milk production, and 32.4% did not recognize its protective effect against breast and ovarian cancer. In terms of attitudes, 20.4% believed that breastfeeding negatively affects body image, while 17% considered that breastfeeding should be discontinued if the infant gets sick. Concerning practices, 30.7% did not implement breastfeeding on demand, and 42.5% of mothers reported pain or physical discomfort during breastfeeding. Conclusions: A significant gap exists between acquired knowledge and its practical application. This suggests that prior educational interventions have maintained a predominantly theoretical focus, reflecting a lack of practical training, particularly among primiparous mothers. On the other hand, although attitudes toward breastfeeding are generally favorable, they tend to weaken in the presence of stressors such as aesthetic pressures, social and work-related demands, or episodes of illness of the infant.