Revisión actualizada de recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia en un instituto especializado: enfoque en terapias farmacológicas y psicosociales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v88i2.6248Palabras clave:
trastornos esquizofrénicos, psicosis paranoides, niveles de atención de salud, servicios de salud, mejores prácticasResumen
La esquizofrenia es un trastorno mental complejo y heterogéneo. El artículo presenta una revisión actualizada de las principales recomendaciones farmacológicas y psicosociales en el manejo de los pacientes adultos con esquizofrenia en un establecimiento de salud de nivel III-2 en el Perú. Se trata de una revisión no sistemática de la literatura en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct y Google Scholar. La esquizofrenia en el adulto requiere el abordaje farmacológico con antipsicóticos que pueden ser usados por vía oral, vía parenteral de acción rápida o vía parenteral de acción prolongada. Antes de su inicio y durante el tratamiento, se recomiendan exámenes basales periódicos. El uso de escalas permite evaluar la respuesta antipsicótica. Se recomienda evaluar regularmente los efectos colaterales/adversos de estos psicofármacos, tales como los síntomas extrapiramidales. Para el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia refractaria, se recomienda el uso de clozapina. En el abordaje psicoterapéutico, destaca la terapia cognitivo-conductual en sus modalidades individual y grupal. El manejo de la esquizofrenia requiere un abordaje farmacológico individualizado y otro, no farmacológico, que involucre a la persona y su contexto social.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Joshep Revilla Zúñiga, Abel Sagástegui Soto, María Carazas Vera, Alfredo Saavedra Castillo
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