Efectos tóxicos del aluminio: una intoxicación silenciosa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v87i2.5224Palabras clave:
aluminio, metabolismo, neurotoxicidad, enfermedad de Alzheimer, exposición ocupacionalResumen
Objetivo: Describir, de acuerdo con normas establecidas por la literatura médica, las fuentes de ingesta de aluminio (Al3+), su proceso metabólico, sus efectos tóxicos y su relación con algunas enfermedades neurológicas. Materiales y métodos: Se efectuó una búsqueda no sistemática de literatura pertinente en PubMed, Elsevier, SciELO, Springer Link, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Resultados: Dentro de las fuentes de ingesta de aluminio se encontraron alimentos cocinados con papel aluminio, medicamentos o arcillas llamadas «chacco», de uso tradicional en la zona sur del Perú. Se estima que una persona promedio ingiere 3-5 mg de aluminio por día. Aproximadamente, el 40 % se retiene en el revestimiento intestinal o es secretado por los enterocitos hacia el sistema circulatorio, lo que eleva los niveles y permite que el Al3+ ingrese a diferentes órganos, como los huesos o el cerebro. Los efectos tóxicos ocurren como resultado de la interferencia con diferentes mecanismos biológicos y enzimáticos. Dentro de las enfermedades vinculadas a este proceso se citan Alzheimer, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, enfermedad renal crónica, entre otras. Conclusiones: Niveles tóxicos de aluminio se han visto implicados en el desarrollo de enfermedades tanto neurodegenerativas como no degenerativas; y su capacidad para almacenarse de forma latente en diversos tejidos y órganos es considerada el principal mecanismo etiopatogénico.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Sandra Yucra Sevillano, Julio Alberto Fuenzalida Valdivia, Miguel Fernando Farfán Delgado, Dr, Karlo Aurelio Terreros Abril
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
