Violencia en el mundo de hoy: perspectivas de estudio
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https://doi.org/10.20453/ah.v67i2.5316Palabras clave:
violencia, abusos, racismo, minorías, salud mental, guerras, ecologíaResumen
Tópico complejo de creciente vigencia y estudio multidisciplinario, la violencia impacta profundamente en el desarrollo humano, el bienestar individual y en la salud pública. En este trabajo, se describe su estructura y fenomenología, clasificaciones diversas e incorporación conceptual dentro de los llamados determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS). Estudios epidemiológicos evidencian incrementos marcados en cifras de homicidios, violencia física y sexual contra mujeres, abuso contra niños, adolescentes, ancianos y miembros de minorías etnorraciales. Muertes por actos criminales, conflictos políticos domésticos, terrorismo y guerras constituyen culminaciones dramáticas. Sobre una base ecológica, se exponen los modelos individual, relacional, comunitario y social de la violencia y sus efectos clínico-emocionales reflejados en entidades como ansiedad, depresión, trastorno por estrés postraumático, acentuación de trastornos de personalidad y abuso de sustancias. El manejo de la violencia incluye enfoques sociopolíticos, culturales, educacionales, institucionales y religioso-espirituales, con rutas integrales resumidas en una serie de recomendaciones de desarrollo sostenible.
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