Vaccination practices against Classical Swine Fever and Newcastle disease within small and medium farmers and its relationship with confirmed disease outbreaks

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the reach of vaccination practices for classical swine fever (CSF) and Newcastle disease (ND) within small and medium farmers in Peru. Animal vaccination data found in the 2018 National Agricultural Poll (ENA) and confirmed disease outbreaks found in the epidemiologic reports published by the National Agrarian Health Service (SENASA) for the years 2016 – 2018 were recovered. The obtained results  were summarized through descriptive statistics utilizing absolute and relative frequencies. The relationship between the presence of disease outbreaks and vaccination practices below 70% of the population was evaluated utilizing Fisher’s exact test. The study recovered 1518 and 2774 surveys from small and medium avian and pig farmers respectively. 94.9% (1441) of the total amount of avian farmers stated that they vaccinated their animals against ND, while 76.7% (2127) of the total amount of pig farmers stated that they vaccinated their animals against CSF. The departments with the highest quantity of outbreaks for ND were Ica and Cajamarca, which added up to 44.8% (13/29) of the total. In the case of CSF, the departments with the highest quantity of outbreaks were Cajamarca, Lima and Lambayeque, which added up to 53% (79/149) from the total number of outbreaks for the studied period. No association was found between the presence of CSF or ND outbreaks with vaccination practices. It is concluded that there are departments affected by illness with a proportion of small and medium farmers that do not participate in vaccination campaigns from SENASA, which represents a risk for the perpetuation of reservoirs of these diseases, favoring the persistency of these viruses within animal populations.