Avanços na neurorreabilitação e perspectivas sobre o controle e a aprendizagem motora: revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rhr.v8i2.7271Palavras-chave:
neurorreabilitação, aprendizagem motora, controle motor, transtornos neurológicosResumo
Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de escopo que analisa a relevância da aprendizagem motora como eixo fundamental na reorganização funcional do sistema nervoso, destacando os enfoques explícitos e implícitos como estratégias terapêuticas diferenciadas. O objetivo consistiu em explorar os avanços recentes em neurorreabilitação e analisar as perspectivas atuais sobre o controle e a aprendizagem motora. Foi realizada uma busca inicial de 164 estudos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Wiley e PEDro, dos quais foram selecionados 42 documentos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e às diretrizes do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI), incluindo ensaios clínicos aleatórios, revisões sistemáticas e literatura cinzenta publicados entre 2015 e 2025. A evidência sugere que intervenções inovadoras, que integram tecnologias emergentes como realidade virtual, interfaces cérebro-computador, estimulação elétrica cerebral não invasiva e gamificação, induzem mudanças plásticas na função cerebral. Determinou-se que a validade dos protocolos de neurorreabilitação depende de prescrições específicas quanto à intensidade, duração e frequência. Destaca-se a necessidade de padronizar protocolos, ampliar o tamanho da amostra em estudos experimentais e validar as intervenções em ambientes clínicos reais, identificando lacunas que orientam futuras pesquisas para modelos integradores, acessíveis e sustentáveis no campo da neurorreabilitação.
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