Avances en neurorrehabilitación y perspectivas sobre el control y aprendizaje motor: revisión de alcance

Autores/as

  • Karen Ginneth López Hernández Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación. Bogotá, Colombia.
  • Zulay Karina Ibarra Velandria Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación. Bogotá, Colombia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20453/rhr.v8i2.7271

Palabras clave:

neurorrehabilitación, aprendizaje motor, control motor, trastornos neurológicos

Resumen

Este artículo presenta una revisión de alcance que analiza la relevancia del aprendizaje motor como eje fundamental en la reorganización funcional del sistema nervioso, destacando los enfoques explícitos e implícitos como estrategias terapéuticas diferenciadas. El objetivo consistió en explorar los avances recientes en neurorrehabilitación y analizar las perspectivas actuales sobre el control y el aprendizaje motor. Se realizó una búsqueda inicial de 164 estudios en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Wiley y PEDro, de los cuales se seleccionaron 42 documentos que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y las directrices del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI), incluyendo ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, revisiones sistemáticas y literatura gris publicados entre 2015 y 2025. La evidencia sugiere que las intervenciones innovadoras, que integran tecnologías emergentes como la realidad virtual, las interfaces cerebro-computadora, la estimulación eléctrica cerebral no invasiva y la gamificación, inducen cambios plásticos en la función cerebral. Se determinó que la validez de los protocolos de neurorrehabilitación depende de prescripciones específicas en cuanto a intensidad, duración y frecuencia. Se destaca la necesidad de estandarizar protocolos, ampliar la muestra en estudios experimentales y validar las intervenciones en entornos clínicos reales, identificando vacíos que orientan las futuras investigaciones hacia modelos integradores, accesibles y sostenibles en el campo de la neurorrehabilitación.

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Biografía del autor/a

Karen Ginneth López Hernández, Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación. Bogotá, Colombia.

  

Zulay Karina Ibarra Velandria, Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación. Bogotá, Colombia.

   

Citas

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Publicado

2025-12-31

Cómo citar

López Hernández, K. G., & Ibarra Velandria, Z. K. (2025). Avances en neurorrehabilitación y perspectivas sobre el control y aprendizaje motor: revisión de alcance. Revista Herediana De Rehabilitación, 8(2), e7271. https://doi.org/10.20453/rhr.v8i2.7271

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ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN