Artificial intelligence: towards an ethical governance

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20453/ah.v68i2.7505

Keywords:

AI governance, ethics and technology, public policy, Latin America

Abstract

The accelerated advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in Latin America has redefined institutional dynamics and highlighted the urgency of establishing robust ethical governance frameworks capable of balancing innovation, regulation, and the protection of rights. This article analyzes the conceptual foundations of ethical AI governance, regional progress, and the current situation in Peru, integrating recent evidence from multilateral organizations and academic studies. Based on this examination, structural gaps are identified in institutional capacities, digital infrastructure, and algorithmic oversight mechanisms, as well as opportunities to strengthen transparency, public accountability, and regional cooperation. The analysis concludes by emphasizing the need to build trustworthy AI ecosystems that integrate ethical standards, technical capabilities, and coherent regulatory frameworks, which constitute the basis for a future agenda for research and public action.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Alfredo Estrada Merino, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC)

         

References

Criado, J. I. (2021). Inteligencia artificial: Madurez tecnológica, adopción e innovaciones en la gestión pública. En Centro Latinoamericano de Administración para el Desarrollo (CLAD) (ed.), Inteligencia artificial y ética en la gestión pública (pp. 11-44). CLAD. https://issuu.com/clad_org/docs/libro_7_inteligencia_artificial_y__tica_en_la_gest

Ismail, O. H., & Ahmad, N. (2025). Ethical and Governance Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 19(14), 121-136. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v19i14.56981

Miranda-Hospinal, O., Villodre, J., Valle-Cruz, D., & Angulo-Sánchez, K. (2024). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on the transparency and rationality of Peruvian public works: perceptions, expectations, challenges and opportunities. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-07-2024-0167

Nangoy, A. A., & Chan, P. (2025). Toward Ethical AI: Strategies for Responsible AI Governance. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 7(5), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2025.7.5.13

OECD & Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF) (2022). The Strategic and Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector of Latin America and the Caribbean. OECD Public Governance Reviews; OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2022/03/the-strategic-and-responsible-use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-sector-of-latin-america-and-the-caribbean_17c90e5e/1f334543-en.pdf

Oxford Insights (2024). Government AI Readiness Index 2024. Oxford Insights. https://oxfordinsights.com/ai-readiness/ai-readiness- index/?#download-reports

Saidin, S. S., Ahmad, N., & Aziz, S. (2025). Ethical Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: Challenges and Strategies. In E. Ahmed, A. Babar, A. Samad, R. Ahmed & G. Beydoun (eds.), Strengthening Human Relations in Organizations With AI (pp. 59-82). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6507-6.ch003

Soto, Á., Durán, R., Moreno, A., Adasme, S., Rovira, S., Jordán, V., y Poveda, L. (coords.) (2025). Índice Latinoamericano de Inteligencia Artificial (ILIA) 2025. Documentos de Proyectos (LC/TS.2025/68). Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe y Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial. https://indicelatam.cl/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Documento_ILIA_2025.pdf

Yeung, K. (2020). Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD). International Legal Materials, 59(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1017/ILM.2020.5

Zambrano, O., Talavera-Ruz, M., y Niño Peñalosa, J. A. (2025). Desafíos regulatorios de la inteligencia artificial en la comunidad andina y oportunidades para el emprendimiento digital. Ciencia UNEMI, 18(49), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol18iss49.2025pp122- 136p

Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Estrada Merino, A. (2025). Artificial intelligence: towards an ethical governance. Acta Herediana, 68(2), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.20453/ah.v68i2.7505