Intervención psicológica en el tratamiento del TDAH en adultos: una revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.20453/rph.v17i1.6226Palabras clave:
intervención psicológica, TDAH, terapia cognitiva conductual, atención plena, adultos, revisión sistemáticaResumen
En los últimos años se han desarrollado múltiples tratamientos para el TDAH en adultos, tales como los multimodales, farmacológicos, mixtos e incluso neurológicos; sin embargo, presentan efectos adversos que incrementan el abandono al tratamiento. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática fue identificar la efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas para disminuir los síntomas del TDAH en adultos. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de SCOPUS, Web of Science y PubMed. En el estudio se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorizados y estudios experimentales con grupo de control y experimental. Se identificaron 6 documentos, en los que se presentaron tratamientos cognitivo-conductuales, terapia centrada en atención plena y entrenamiento de alerta automática. La edad de los participantes varió entre 18 y 65 años y la mayoría fueron mujeres (77%). En algunos casos, los grupos de tratamiento mejoraron la atención y redujeron síntomas de hiperactividad-impulsividad. Las intervenciones de terapia cognitivo conductual pese a que no se dirigen hacia la mitigación de los síntomas, junto con la atención plena y terapia de entrenamiento de alerta automática son efectivos en la reducción del TDAH en adultos; sin embargo, los estudios analizados no han evaluado la sostenibilidad de los resultados a largo plazo.
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