La relación entre el soporte social y la salud mental durante la pandemia por COVID-19: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rph.v16i1.5169Palabras clave:
soporte social, salud mental, adultos, COVID-19, revisión sistemáticaResumen
La pandemia por COVID-19 ha afectado la salud mental de la población a nivel mundial. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las características metodológicas de la relación entre el soporte social y la salud mental, a través de un análisis de la evidencia empírica en investigaciones de adultos durante la pandemia
por COVID-19. El diseño utilizado consta de una revisión sistemática en la que se emplearon las bases de datos electrónicas Scopus y Web of Science con artículos publicados desde el año 2020. Se incluyeron diez investigaciones que reportaban la asociación entre el soporte social y la salud mental en adultos de cuatro continentes. Todas las investigaciones usaron un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico; ocho estudios utilizaron el modelo teórico de Zimet et al. (1988) para la evaluación del soporte social; además, se apreció variabilidad en el uso de instrumentos para la medición de la salud mental y el soporte social; asimismo, nueve investigaciones reportaron evidencias de confiabilidad de los instrumentos y ninguno de validez. Se concluye que bajos niveles de soporte social se asocian de forma significativa con mayor sintomatología de depresión y ansiedad durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se recomienda diseñar programas de intervención basados en el soporte social para reducir el impacto negativo en la salud mental de la población.
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