La relación entre el soporte social y la salud mental durante la pandemia por COVID-19: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20453/rph.v16i1.5169

Palabras clave:

soporte social, salud mental, adultos, COVID-19, revisión sistemática

Resumen

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha afectado la salud mental de la población a nivel mundial. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las características metodológicas de la relación entre el soporte social y la salud mental, a través de un análisis de la evidencia empírica en investigaciones de adultos durante la pandemia
por COVID-19. El diseño utilizado consta de una revisión sistemática en la que se emplearon las bases de datos electrónicas Scopus y Web of Science con artículos publicados desde el año 2020. Se incluyeron diez investigaciones que reportaban la asociación entre el soporte social y la salud mental en adultos de cuatro continentes. Todas las investigaciones usaron un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico; ocho estudios utilizaron el modelo teórico de Zimet et al. (1988) para la evaluación del soporte social; además, se apreció variabilidad en el uso de instrumentos para la medición de la salud mental y el soporte social; asimismo, nueve investigaciones reportaron evidencias de confiabilidad de los instrumentos y ninguno de validez. Se concluye que bajos niveles de soporte social se asocian de forma significativa con mayor sintomatología de depresión y ansiedad durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se recomienda diseñar programas de intervención basados en el soporte social para reducir el impacto negativo en la salud mental de la población.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abdulla, E. K., Velladath, S. U., Varghese, A., & Anju, M. (2021). Depression and anxiety associated with COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare professionals in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 12, 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100888

Amendola, S., Spensieri, V., Hengartner, M. P., & Cerutti, R. (2021). Mental health of Italian adults during COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 26(2), 644-656. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12502

Antiporta, D. A., Cutipé, Y. L., Mendoza, M., Celentano, D. D., Stuart, E. A., & Bruni, A. (2021). Depressive symptoms among Peruvian adult residents amidst a national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03107-3

Alnazly, E., Khraisat, O. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M., & Bryant, C. L. (2021). Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0247679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247679

Babalola, E., Noel, P., & White, R. (2017). The biopsychosocial approach and global mental health: synergies and opportunities. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 33(4), 291-296. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_13_17

Borghi, L., & Menichetti, J. (2021). Strategies to cope with the COVID-Related deaths among family members. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 622850. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.622850

Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. J. (2013). Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 91-121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet (British Edition), 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Caplan, G. (1974). Support systems and community mental health: Lectures on concept development. Behavioral Publications.

Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310

Cornelissen, G. (2016). Statement from the American Statistical Association regarding statistical significance and P-values - A chronobiologist's comments. World Heart Journal, 8(3), 197-201.

Feng, L., & Yin, R. (2021). Social support and hope mediate the relationship between gratitude and depression among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 623873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623873

Goh, K. K., Lu, M., & Jou, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic: social distancing and the vulnerability to domestic violence. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(11), 612-613. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13130

Gough, D. (2015). Qualitative and mixed methods in systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0151-y

Grey, I., Arora, T., Thomas, J., Saneh, A., Tohme, P., & Abi-Habib, R. (2020). The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452

Guo, K., Zhang, X., Bai, S., Minhat, H. S., Nazan, A. I. N. M., Feng, J., Li, X., Luo, G., Zhang, X., Feng, J., Li, Y., Si, M., Qiao, Y., Ouyang, J., & Saliluddin, S. (2021). Assessing social support impact on depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate students in shaanxi province during the COVID-19 pandemic of China. PLoS ONE, 16(7), e0253891. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253891

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson.

Hao, Q., Wang, D., Xie, M., Tang, Y., Dou, Y., Zhu, L., Wu, Y., Dai, M., Wu, H., & Wang, Q. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 567381. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.567381

Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (eds.) (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org/

Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., . . . Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet (British Edition), 395(10223), 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Kaplan, B. H., Cassel, J. C., & Gore, S. (1977). Social support and health. Medical Care, 15(5), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-197705001-00006

Kato, T. A., Sartorius, N., & Shinfuku, N. (2020). Forced social isolation due to COVID-19 and consequent mental health problems: lessons from hikikomori. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(9), 506-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13112

Kocalevent, R. D., Berg, L., Beutel, M. E., Hinz, A., Zenger, M., Härter, M., Nater, U., & Brähler, E. (2018). Social support in the general population: standardization of the Oslo social support scale (OSSS-3). BMC Psychology, 6(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-018-0249-9

Kolokotroni, O., Mosquera, M. C., Quattrocchi, A., Heraclides, A., Demetriou, C., & Philippou, E. (2021). Lifestyle habits of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Cyprus: evidence from a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 786. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10863-0

Kurt, G., Ilkkursun, Z., Javanbakht, A., Uygun, E., Karaoglan-Kahilogullari, A., & Acarturk, C. (2021). The psychological impacts of COVID-19 related stressors on Syrian refugees in Turkey: The role of resource loss, discrimination, and social support. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 85, 130-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.09.009

Lee, S. (2016). Why do we read many articles with bad statistics?: What does the new American Statistical Association's statement on p-values mean? Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 69(2), 109-110. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2016.69.2.109

Lee, J. H., Lee, H., Kim, J. E., Moon, S. J., & Nam, E. W. (2021). Analysis of personal and national factors that influence depression in individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00650-8

Lin, N. (1986). Conceptualizing social support. En N. Lin, A. Dean, & T. W. Ensel (eds.), Social support, life events and depression (pp. 103-105). Academic Press.

Liu, C., Huang, N., Ahmed, F., Shahid, M., Wang, X., & Guo, J. (2021). The reverse buffering effects of social support on the relationships between stresses and mental health: a survey of Chinese adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1952777. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1952777

Martínez-Riera, J. R. y Gras-Nieto, E. (2021). Atención domiciliaria y COVID-19. Antes, durante y después del estado de alarma. Enfermería Clínica, 31(supl. 1), S24-S28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.003

Marvaldi, M., Mallet, J., Dubertret, C., Moro, M. R., & Guessoum, S. B. (2021). Anxiety, depression, trauma-related, and sleep disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 126, 252-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.024

Moreno, C., Bordallo, A., Blanco, M. y Romero, J. (2012). Manual básico para una atención en salud mental basada en la evidencia. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. https://www.psicoevidencias.es/formacion/documentos/29-1-manual-basico/file

Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O. & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures. Issues and applications. Sage.

Nochaiwong, S., Ruengorn, C., Thavorn, K., Hutton, B., Awiphan, R., Phosuya, C., Ruanta, Y., Wongpakaran, N., & Wongpakaran, T. (2021). Global prevalence of mental health issues among the general population during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 10173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89700-8

Oginni, O. A., Oloniniyi, I. O., Ibigbami, O., Ugo, V., Amiola, A., Ogunbajo, A., Esan, O., Adelola, A., Daropale, O., Ebuka, M., & Mapayi, B. (2021). Depressive and anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-related factors among men and women in Nigeria. PLoS ONE, 16(8), e0256690. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0256690

Oryan, Z., Avinir, A., Levy, S., Kodesh, E., & Elkana, O. (2021). Risk and protective factors for psychological distress during covid-19 in Israel. Current Psychology, 42, 2448-2459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02031-9

Page, M., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S.,... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10, 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4

Pagorek-Eshel, S., Elias, H., Alnabilsy, R., & Grinapol, S. (2022). The association of social factors and COVID-19 – Related resource loss with depression and anxiety among Arabs in Israel. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(2), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001140

Patston, T. J., Kennedy, J. P., Jaeschke, W., Kapoor, H., Leonard, S. N., Cropley, D. H., & Kaufman, J. C. (2021). Secondary education in COVID lockdown: more anxious and less creative-maybe not? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 613055. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613055

Perestelo-Pérez, L. (2013). Standards on how to develop and report systematic reviews in psychology and health. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 13(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-2600(13)70007-3

Porter, C., Favara, M., Hittmeyer, A., Scott, D., Sánchez, A., Ellanki, R., Woldehanna, T., Duc, L. T., Craske, M. G., & Stein, A. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression symptoms of young people in the global South: Evidence from a four-country cohort study. BMJ Open, 11(4), e049653. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049653

Posel, D., Oyenubi, A., & Kollamparambil, U. (2021). Job loss and mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown: evidence from South Africa. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0249352. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249352

Prati, G., & Mancini, A. D. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: a review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments. Psychological Medicine, 51(2), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721000015

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306

Ramiz, L., Contrand, B., Rojas, M. Y., Dupuy, M., Lu, L., Sztal-Kutas, C., & Lagarde, E. (2021). A longitudinal study of mental health before and during COVID-19 lockdown in the French population. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00682-8

Rowland, N., & Goss, S. (eds.) (2000). Evidence-based counselling and psychological therapies: Research and applications. Routledge.

Ryan, D., Tornberg-Belanger, S. N., Perez, G., Maurer, S., Price, C., Rao, D., Chan, K. C. G., & Ornelas, I. J. (2021). Stress, social support and their relationship to depression and anxiety among Latina immigrant women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 149, 110588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110588

Saltzman, L. Y., Hansel, T. C., & Bordnick, P. S. (2020). Loneliness, isolation, and social support factors in post-COVID-19 mental health. Psychological Trauma, 12(S1), S55-S57. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000703

Sánchez-Meca, J., & Botella, J. (2010). Systematic reviews and meta-analysis: tools for professional practice. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 7-17. http://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/1792.pdf

Setia, M. S. (2016). Methodology series module 5: sampling strategies. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 61(5), 505-509. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.190118

Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science & Medicine, 32(6), 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-b

Sullivan, M. (2018). Statistics: Informed decisions using data. Pearson Education.

Sun, S., Goldberg, S. B., Lin, D., Qiao, S., & Operario, D. (2021). Psychiatric symptoms, risk, and protective factors among university students in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00663-x

Tyrer, P., & Steinberg, D. (2005). Models for mental disorder: conceptual models in psychiatry. Wiley.

Villarreal-Zegarra, D., Cabrera-Alva, M., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., & Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (2020). Trends in the prevalence and treatment of depressive symptoms in Peru: a population-based study. BMJ Open, 10(7), e036777. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036777

Wang, J., Mann, F., Lloyd-Evans, B., Ma, R., & Johnson, S. (2018). Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1736-5

Wang, C., Song, W., Hu, X., Yan, S., Zhang, X., Wang, X., & Chen, W. (2021). Depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms between population in quarantine and general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case-controlled study. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03108-2

World Health Organization (‎2001)‎. Informe sobre la salud en el mundo 2001: Salud mental: nuevos conocimientos, nuevas esperanzas. OMS. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42447

World Health Organization (2020, 11 de marzo). Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020

Yaddanapudi, L. N. (2016). The American Statistical Association statement on p-values explained. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 32(4), 421-423. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9185.194772

Yang, Y., Lu, L., Chen, T., Ye, S., Kelifa, M. O., Cao, N., Zhang, Q., Liang, T., & Wang, W. (2021). Healthcare worker's mental health and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 221-231. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S290931

Zavlis, O., Butter, S., Bennett, K., Hartman, T. K., Hyland, P., Mason, L., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Gibson-Miller, J., Levita, L., Martinez, A. P., Shevlin, M., Stocks, T. V. A., Vallières, F., & Bentall, R. P. (2021). How does the COVID-19 pandemic impact on population mental health? A network analysis of COVID influences on depression, anxiety and traumatic stress in the UK population. Psychological Medicine, 52(16), 3825-3833. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721000635

Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2

Descargas

Publicado

2023-12-21

Cómo citar

Florentino Santisteban, B., Flores Romero, J., & Espinoza Reyes, M. del C. (2023). La relación entre el soporte social y la salud mental durante la pandemia por COVID-19: una revisión sistemática. Revista Psicológica Herediana, 16(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.20453/rph.v16i1.5169

Número

Sección

ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES